Prevalence of apical periodontitis in people living with HIV in Southern Brazil / Prevalência de periodontite apical em pessoas vivendo com HIV no Sul do Brasil

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) over 50 years old and explore its association with sociodemographic, medical, and oral characteristics. Methods: Data from 59 PLHIV were collected, and the periapical area of 1018 teeth was evaluated through periapical radiographs (Rx) using the periapical index (PAI). The presence and quality of root fillings and restorations (coronal fillings and crowns) were assessed with Rx, and caries presence was based on Rx and clinical data. Viral load (VL) and T CD4 counts were also analyzed. Results: AP prevailed in 71% of individuals and 8% of teeth. Family income of >5 Brazilian minimum wages (OR=0.06, 95% CI=0.005-0.62) and having at least one root-filled tooth (OR=14.55, 95% CI=1.45-145.72) were associated with AP prevalence, whereas VL and T CD4 were not. Caries, root filling, and restorations were associated with AP occurrence. Conclusion: PLHIV presented a high AP prevalence, but intrinsic factors related to HIV infection were not associated with AP in the studied subjects. PLHIV would benefit from oral health policies to prevent AP, as the results indicate that the endodontic disease in the present sub-population might be related to social problems.(AU)

Objetivo: este estudo transversal teve como objetivo descrever a prevalência de periodontite apical (PA) em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) acima de 50 anos de idade, e explorar sua associação com características sociodemográficas, médicas e bucais. Métodos: os dados de 59 PVHIV foram coletados e a região periapical de 1018 dentes foi avaliada através de radiografias periapicais (Rx) usando o Índice Periapical (PAI). A presença e qualidade das obturações radiculares e restaurações (restaurações diretas e coroas) também foram avaliadas no Rx; a presença de cárie foi baseada em dados clínicos e radiográficos. Carga Viral (CV) e contagem de linfócitos T CD4 também foram avaliados. Resultados: a prevalência de PA nos indivíduos foi de 71%, e 8% dos dentes apresentaram PA. Renda familiar >5 salários mínimos (OR=0.06, 95% CI=0.005-0.62) e ter pelo menos um dente com obturação endodôntica (OR=14.55, 95% CI=1.45-145.72) foram associados com a prevalência de PA, enquanto que CV e T-CD4 não foram. A presença de cárie, obturação endodôntica e restaurações foram associadas com a presença de PA no dente. Conclusão: PVHIV apresentaram uma alta prevalência de PA, mas fatores intrínsecos relacionados à infecção pelo HIV não foram associados com PA nos sujeitos avaliados. PVHIV se beneficiariam de políticas públicas de saúde para prevenir a PA, uma vez que os resultados indicam que a doença endodôntica na presente subpopulação pode ser relacionada a problemas sociais.(AU)

Fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados à força de preensão manual de idosos condutores de veículos / Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with handgrip strength in elderly automobile drivers / Factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a la fuerza de prensión de la mano en conductores de vehículos de ancianos

Objetivo: investigar a associação entre força de preensão manual e características sociodemográficas e clínicas de idosos condutores de veículos automotores. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em clínicas de medicina de tráfego na cidade de Curitiba/Paraná, com 421 idosos (≥ 60 anos). Realizou-se análise estatística pelo modelo de Regressão Logística e Teste de Wald, considerando intervalo de confiança de 95% e valores de p <0,05 como significativos. Resultados: oitenta e quatro (20%) idosos apresentaram força de preensão manual reduzida. A força de preensão manual reduzida foi associada à faixa etária (p=0,001) e à hospitalização no último ano (p=0,002). Conclusão: houve associação significativa entre a força de preensão manual de idosos motoristas e as variáveis idade e hospitalização no último ano. Dessa forma, torna-se essencial a inclusão de avaliações específicas, centradas nas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas próprias da pessoa idosa, durante o exame de aptidão para dirigir veículos automotores.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the association between handgrip strength and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of elderly automobile drivers. Method: cross-sectional study, carried out in traffic medicine clinics in the city of Curitiba/Paraná, with 421 elderly people (≥ 60 years old). Statistical analysis was performed using the Logistic Regression model and the Wald Test, considering a 95% confidence interval and p values <0.05 as significant. Results: eighty-four (20%) seniors had reduced handgrip strength. Reduced handgrip strength was associated with age group (p=0.001) and hospitalization in the last year (p=0.002). Conclusion: there was a significant association between the handgrip strength of elderly drivers and the variables age and hospitalization in the last year. Thus, it is essential to include specific assessments, centered on sociodemographic and clinical variables specific to the elderly person, during the aptitude test to drive automobiles.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la asociación entre la fuerza de prensión de la mano y las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los ancianos conductores de vehículos automotores. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en clínicas de medicina de tránsito de la ciudad de Curitiba/Paraná, con 421 ancianos (≥ 60 años). El análisis estadístico fue realizado por el modelo de Regresión Logística y Test de Wald, considerando intervalo de confianza de 95% y valores de p <0,05 como significativos. Resultados: 84 (20%) sujetos ancianos presentaron reducción de la fuerza de prensión de la mano. La reducción de la fuerza de prensión de la mano se asoció al grupo de edad (p=0,001) y a la hospitalización en el último año (p=0,002). Conclusión: hubo una asociación significativa entre la fuerza de prensión de la mano de los conductores ancianos y las variables edad y hospitalización en el último año. Así pues, es esencial incluir evaluaciones específicas, centradas en las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de los ancianos, durante el examen de aptitud para conducir vehículos automotores.(AU)

Estupro na primeira macrorregião do estado de Alagoas: resultados da pesquisa DVEAL, 2016-2018 / Rape in the first macro-region of the state of Alagoas: results from DVEAL survey, 2016-2018

Objetivos: apresentar resultados do eixo 2 do projeto Diagnóstico da Violência Fatal e Não Fatal no Estado de Alagoas (DVEAL). Neste artigo é comparado o padrão epidemiológico do estupro de crianças e adolescentes em relação aos adultos. Métodos: delineou-se uma investigação observacional e retrospectiva incluindo 380 registros de violência sexual no Instituto Médico Legal, entre 2016 e 2018. Por meio de regressão logística binária e múltipla calculou-se a chance de violência por faixa etária, associando os possíveis fatores relacionados. Resultados: metade das vítimas estupradas possuíam até 13 anos de idade, com média de 14 anos, e 9 em cada 10 casos eram de mulheres/meninas vitimadas. O padrão do estupro identificado foi de vítimas: em situação conjugal solteira; estudantes, abusadas por conhecidos; que realizaram exame pericial entre 1-7 dias; abusadas durante a madrugada; e em região genital. Cerca de 8 em cada 10 casos foram estupros confirmados pela perícia, o restante foi via relato oral. O modelo final identificou dois fatores mais associados à violência sexual em crianças/adolescentes. Conclusão: o padrão de vitimização sexual no estado impacta significativamente crianças e adolescentes e, principalmente, o gênero feminino

Aims: to present the results of axis 2 of the Diagnosis of Fatal and Non-Fatal Violence in the State of Alagoas (DVEAL) project. This article compares the epidemiological pattern of rape involving children/adolescents in relation to adults. Methods: an observational and retrospective investigation was designed, including 380 records of sexual violence at the Instituto Médico Legal, between 2016 and 2018. Through binary and multiple logistic regression, the chance of violence by age group was calculated, associating the possible related factors. Results: half of the raped victims were up to 13 years old, with an average of 14 years old, and 9 out of 10 cases were victimized women/girls. The pattern of rape identified was of victims: single marital status; students, abused by acquaintances; who underwent an expert examination between 1-7 days; abused during the dawn; and in the genital region. About 8 out of 10 cases were rapes confirmed by forensics, the rest were via oral report. The final model identified two factors most associated with sexual violence in children/adolescents. Conclusions: the pattern of sexual victimization in the state significantly impacts children and adolescents, especially the female gender

Caregivers' Sense of Coherence and Untreated Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To associate caregivers' sense of coherence (SOC) and untreated caries with oral health status in children covered by a dental public health system. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of caregivers/children in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, was surveyed. Caregivers' SOC was evaluated using the 13-question version questionnaire. For both caregivers/children, sociodemographic information was acquired and caries experience was evaluated by DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa index. Statistical associations between children's untreated carious teeth and interest variables from the caregivers were evaluated by binary logistic regression assessed by generalized linear modeling. Results: A total of 233 pairs of caregivers-children were included. Children's untreated permanent and primary carious teeth represented 34.8% and 62.2% of the caries experience, respectively and at least one PUFA/pufa scored tooth was detected in 22.7% of them. Caregivers' DMFT was 13.5±7.0, while 33.6% scored on PUFA. A total of 62.1% of them presented untreated carious lesions. Results from the univariate model, correlating children's untreated caries and caregivers' attributes showed a statistical significance for SOC values (p<0.015), untreated decayed teeth (p<0.035), self-perception of oral health (p<0.022) and oral impact on daily performance (p<0.010). The multivariate logistic first model kept the statistical significance only for the caregiver's untreated decayed teeth. Conclusion: Caregivers' SOC and untreated carious teeth could be used as indicators of dental treatment needs in their offspring.

Impact of Mobile Dental Clinics on the Quality of Life of Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of mobile dental clinics on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) of children. Material and Methods: A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted with participants from seven mobile dental clinics carried out between May 2019 and January 2020 by the NGO Missão Sorrisos. Parents and children who attended the program had their sociodemographic data collected. Both completed the Scale of Oral Health 5 (SOHO-5) self-reported questionnaire before treatment and again 30 days after treatment. Results: The improvement in the children's oral health after treatment at the mobile clinics is reflected in the pre-and post-treatment medians measured by the SOHO-5 total score from the children's own reports from the parents' reports. The procedures performed were effective in reducing pain and difficulties in eating, drinking, and sleeping. An improvement in the perception of the children's appearance and self-confidence was reported, both from the perspective of the parents/guardians and the children themselves. The chance of improvement in the perception of the children's oral health was greater for parents (OR=5.96; CI95%: 1.32-26.84) and children (OR=5.76; CI95%: 1.28-25.95) from families whose main caregiver was not professionally active at the time of the study. Conclusion: The mobile dental clinics had a positive impact on the OHRQL of children from the perspective of the participants of the study.

Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Dentists in One of the Poorest Brazilian States: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dentists' income and to identify associated factors in one of the poorest Brazilian states. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including dentists who volunteered to answer an electronic questionnaire in Maranhão. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed, estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) (alpha=5%). Results: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the professionals´ income negatively [55.44% (50.26-60.52%)] and also positively [6.9% (4.55-9.94%)]. The negative impact on income was greater among male dentists (OR=2.54; 95%CI: 1.16-5.53), over 30 years of age (OR=3.03; 95%CI: 1.34-6.87), with family income below two minimum wages (OR=4.63; 95%CI: 1.50-14.30), who worked in the continent instead of in the capital island (OR=2.21; 95%CI: 1.14-4.29) and in the private sector (OR=31.43; 95%CI: 11.59-85.22). Moreover, those who had been tested for COVID-19, with a negative result, had a 21.3-fold greater chance of having an increased household income when compared to those who had not been tested. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the dentists' income in Maranhão, especially the older, males, with lower incomes, and who worked in the private sector, living far from the capital. The SUS played an important role in the social protection of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic, mitigating the economic impacts on the public sector working class.

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes hospitalizados com covid-19 no município de Mossoró - RN / Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in the municipality of Mossoró-RN / Perfil Epidemiológico de pacientes con COVID-19 en el municipio de Mossoró-RN

Introdução: Assim como observado no cenário nacional, o município de Mossoró apresentou altas taxas de letalidade nos primeiros meses de pandemia. Todavia, o conhecimento epidemiológico em torno da COVID-19 no município tem ocorrido, sobretudo, através de documentos institucionais das Secretarias de Saúde. Desse modo, a finalidade deste estudo é fornecer evidências que permitam ampliar a compreensão da ocorrência da doença em nível local, ofertar dados e informações que venham a subsidiar as políticas públicas de saúde municipais e gerar hipóteses sobre a morbimortalidade da doença para futuras investigações científicas. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos internados e confirmados de COVID-19 no município de Mossoró no estado do Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, baseado em dados secundários de casos internados de COVID-19 registrados no Sistema Único de Saúde entre março e outubro de 2020.Resultados:Foram incluídos na amostra 664 pacientes, dos quais 46,5% evoluíram para óbito. Entre as internações, 63,1% resultaram em internações em unidades de terapia intensiva. Observamos diferenças estatísticas significativas entre 'admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva e evolução para óbito' e 'faixa etária e evolução para óbito' e, maior risco entre idosos acima de 60 anos, com comorbidades, dispneia e saturação de O2 <95%. A necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo foi considerada fator predisponente para óbito. O risco de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva foi maior entre as idosas. Conclusões: A hospitalização e o óbito de pacientes com COVID-19foram maiores em pacientes idosos com comorbidades (AU).

Introduction:As observed in the national scenario, the city of Mossoró showed high lethality rates in the first months of the pandemic. However, the epidemiological knowledge around COVID-19 in the municipality has occurred mostly through institutional documents from the Health Secretariats. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide evidence to broaden the understanding of the occurrence of the disease at the local level, provide data and information that will support municipal health public policies and generate hypotheses about the morbidity and mortality of the disease for future scientific investigations. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospitalized and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the municipality of Mossoró in the state of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional and observational study, based on secondary data from the hospitalized COVID-19 cases recorded in the Unified Health System (Sistema Unificado de Saúde, SUS) between March and October 2020. Results:664 patients were included in the sample, of which 46.5% evolved to death. Among hospitalizations, 63.1% resulted in intensive care units admissions. We observed significant differences between intensive care unit admission and evolution to death' and 'age group and evolution to death' and, higher risk among elderly individuals over 60 years, with comorbidities, dyspnea and O2 saturation<95%. Need for invasive ventilatory support was considered a predisposing factor for death. The risk of intensive care unit admission was higher among eldery women.Conclusions:Hospitalization and death of patients with COVID-19 were higher in elderly patients with comorbidities (AU).

Introducción: Como se observó en el escenario nacional, el municipio de Mossoró presentó altas tasas de letalidad en los primeros meses de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el conocimiento epidemiológico en torno al COVID-19 en el municipio se ha dado principalmente a través dedocumentos institucionales de las Secretarías de Salud. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar evidencias para ampliar el conocimiento de la ocurrencia de la enfermedad en el ámbito local, proporcionar datos e informaciones que apoyen las políticas públicas municipales de salud y generar hipótesis sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad de la enfermedad para futuras investigaciones científicas. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de los casos hospitalizados y confirmados de COVID-19 en el municipio de Mossoró en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio transversal y observacional, basado en datos secundarios de los casos hospitalizados de COVID-19 registrados en el Sistema Unificado de Salud (SUS) entre marzo y octubre de 2020. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 664 pacientes, de los cuales el 46,5% falleció. Entre los ingresos, el 63,1% resultaron en ingresos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre el "ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y la evolución hasta la muerte" y el "grupo de edad y la evolución hasta la muerte", y un mayor riesgo entre los pacientes mayores de 60 años, con comorbilidades, disnea y saturación de O2 <95%. La necesidad de soporte ventilatorio invasivo se consideró un factor predisponente para la muerte. El riesgo de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue mayor entre las mujeres de edad avanzada. Conclusiones: La hospitalización y la muerte de los pacientes con COVID-19 fueron mayores en los pacientes de edad avanzada con comorbilidades (AU).

Comportamiento de características seleccionadas en pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y algunas asociaciones de interés práctico / Behavior of selected characteristics in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia and some associations of practical interest

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad constituye una de las afecciones respiratorias que provoca más demanda de asistencia médica, y es responsable del mayor número de fallecidos por enfermedades infecciosas en Cuba. El objetivo del estudio ha sido determinar el comportamiento de características seleccionadas en pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía y precisar la existencia de asociaciones entre algunas de estas características.Se realizó un estudio observacional, con diseño descriptivo, que incluyó 1,809 pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía entre enero de 2012 y febrero de 2020. Fueron analizadas características relacionadas con las condiciones de base, clínico-radiológicas, y relativas al manejo y la evolución, mediante análisis bivariante y multivariante (regresión logística). La serie estuvo constituida fundamentalmente por pacientes ancianos (79%), mientras que el 20% presentaba la condición de encamamiento. Esta condición se asoció significativamente con el estado de demencia avanzada (OR 7,6[5,5;10,4]), y fue determinante en la presentación "solapada" del proceso (OR 1,5[1,09;2]). La presentación "solapada" de la neumonía estuvo significativamente asociada al ingreso tardío (OR 1,6[1,2;2,2]). Como conclusiones se ratifica el lugar que ocupan varios elementos en las características de la morbilidad por neumonía: edad avanzada, presencia de comorbilidades, y presentación no clásica del proceso. Fueron constatadas interrelaciones de importancia práctica entre la presencia de comorbilidades particulares, las formas clínicas de presentación, el momento del ingreso, y la utilización de antimicrobianos durante la atención prehospitalaria del paciente. Se destaca el papel del encamamiento en la extensión radiológica del proceso neumónico y en la presencia de derrame pleural de mediana o gran cuantía al momento del ingreso.

Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the respiratory conditions that causes the greatest demand for medical care, and is responsible for the largest number of deaths from infectious diseases in Cuba. The objective of the study was to determine the behavior of selected characteristics in patients hospitalized for pneumonia and to specify the existence of associations between some of these characteristics. An observational study, with a descriptive design, was carried out, which included 1,809 patients hospitalized for pneumonia between January 2012 and February 2020. Characteristics related to the basic, clinical-radiological conditions, and relative to management and evolution were analyzed, through analysis bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression). The series consisted mainly of elderly patients (79%), while 20% were bedridden. This condition was significantly associated with the state of advanced dementia (OR 7.6[5.5;10.4]) and was decisive in the "overlapping" presentation of the process (OR 1.5[1.09;2]). The "overlapping" presentation of pneumonia was significantly associated with late admission (OR 1.6[1.2;2.2]). As conclusions, the place occupied by several elements in the characteristics of pneumonia morbidity is ratified: advanced age, presence of comorbidities, and non-classical presentation of the process. Interrelationships of practical importance were found between the presence of comorbidities, the clinical forms of presentation, the time of admission, and the use of antimicrobials during the patient's prehospital care. The role of bed rest in the radiological extension of the pneumonic process and in the presence of medium or large pleural effusion at the time of admission is highlighted.

Analysis of the prevalence in sugar consumption in child care consultations / Análise da prevalência do consumo de açúcar em consultas de puericultura

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of sugar consumption and associated factors in childcare consultations. Methods: cross-sectional study with 599 children > six months to < 24 months of age, assisted by the Family Health Units. Outcomes: daily consumption of sweetened beverages, sweets/candies, recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System; independent variables: sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression test was applied. Results: 62.10% of the children consume sugary drinks and 42.23%, sweets/candies. Consuming sugary drinks was associated with the age of 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.525; CI95%=1.68-3.78) and 18-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.90; CI95%=1.90-4.43); children living with more than four people at home (OR=1.59; CI95%=1.11-2.26), aged 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.34-3.13) and 18-23 months and 29 days (OR=2.51; CI95%=1.62-3.87) were more likely to consume sweets/candies than younger children. Maternal aspects, such as age (OR=0.66; CI95%=0.46-0.93), marital status (OR=1.67; CI95%=1.06-2.6), schooling (OR=2.14; CI95%=1.12-4.08), and presence of government assistance (OR=2.03; CI95%=1.41-2.93), were conditions associated with the consumption of sweets. Conclusions: the prevalence of sugar in children's diet was high and was associated with sociodemographic aspects. Health education actions should be carried out in childcare, in order to promote healthy food, minimizing the consumption of sugar.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do consumo de açúcar e fatores associados em consultas de puericultura. Métodos: estudo transversal com 599 crianças >seis a <24 meses de idade, assistidas por Unidades de Saúde da Família. Desfechos: consumo diário de bebidas adoçadas, doces/guloseimas, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional; variáveis independentes: dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se teste de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: 62,10% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas e 42,23% doces/guloseimas. Consumir bebidas açucaradas associou-se à idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,525; IC95%=1,68-3,78) e 18-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,90; IC95%=1,90-4,43); crianças residirem com mais de quatro pessoas na casa (OR=1,59; IC95%:1,11-2,26), terem idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,05; IC95%=1,34-3,13) e 18-23 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,51; IC95%=1,62-3,87) apresentaram maior chance de consumir doces/guloseimas que crianças mais novas. Aspectos maternos como idade (OR=0,66; IC95%=0,46-0,93), estado civil (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,06-2,6), escolaridade (OR=2,14; IC95%=1,12-4,08), e presença de auxílio do governo (OR=2,03;IC95%=1,41-2,93), foram condições associadas ao consumo de doces/guloseimas. Conclusão: foi alta a prevalência de açúcar na dieta das crianças e esteve associada a aspectos sociodemográficos. Ações de educação em saúde devem ser realizadas na puericultura, a fim de fomentar a alimentação saudável, minimizando o consumo de açúcar.

Factores asociados a casos de malaria y plantas medicinales empleadas para su tratamiento en habitantes de Corozal, Colombia / Factors associated with cases of malaria and medicinal plants used for its treatment in inhabitants of Corozal, Colombia

Introducción: La malaria es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más importantes y para tratarla además de medicamentos, la población emplea plantas medicinales. El objetivo fue establecer los factores asociados a malaria y las plantas empleadas para su tratamiento en habitantes de Corozal. Método: Se aplicó una encuesta con preguntas sociodemográficas, de la vivienda, de conocimiento y de actitudes y las plantas medicinales empleadas para tratarla. Resultados: El 48% emplean plantas medicinales solas o con medicamentos, siendo el Gliricidia sepium (matarratón) y el Acmella oppositifolia (yuyo) las plantas más empleadas. En el 48% de las casas ha habido malaria. Por regresión logística se estableció que la malaria se asoció con conocer cómo se adquiere, consultar al médico tradicional y tener más de 15 años en Corozal. Conclusiones: Las plantas que la población de este estudio reportan no muestran evidencia científica como antimalaricos. Es importante una mayor presencia de las autoridades de salud y su trabajo conjunto con el médico tradicional para lograr estrategias más efectivas(AU)

Introduction: Malaria is one of the most important infectious disease and to treat it in addition to medicines the population uses medicinal plants. The objective was to establish the factors associated with malaria and the plants used for its treatment in inhabitants of Corozal. Method: A survey was applied with sociodemographic questions about housing, knowledge and attitudes, in addition to the medicinal plants used to treat it. Results: 48% use medicinal plants alone or with medicines, Gliricidia sepium (rat poisson) and Acmella oppositifolia (Opposite-leaf Spotflower) are the most used. In 48% of the homes there has been malaria. By logistic regression it was established that malaria was associated with knowing how it is acquired, consulting the traditional doctor and living in Corozal for more than 15 years. Conclusions: The plants that the population of this study report usimg do not show scientific evidence antimalarials. A greater presence of health authorities and their joint work with the traditional doctor for more effective strategies is important(AU)

Modeling of covariates predicting renal allograft failure within six months after transplantation / Modelagem das covariáveis preditivas para falência do enxerto renal até seis meses do transplante

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the renal replacement therapy (RRT) of choice for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, not every KT is successful and some patients persist on RRT. OBJECTIVE: To model a logistic regression with pre- and post-KT risk covariates capable of predicting secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching stage V of CKD until the first six months post-KT. METHODS: Cohort with KT recipients from Northeastern Brazil. Medical records of KT performed between 2011-2018 were analyzed. KT-recipients with insufficient data or who abandoned follow-up were excluded. The covariables analyzed were: demographic; infectious; pre- and post-KT comorbidities; panel reactive-antibodies; number of HLA mismatches; acute rejection episodes mediated by T-cell (ACR) or antibodies (AAR) six months after KT; and laboratory tests six months after KT. RESULTS: Covariates with higher risk for the analyzed outcomes six months after KT were: elderly KT recipients (OR:1.41; CI95%:1.01-1.99), time between onset of RRT and KT (ΔT-RRT&KT)>10years (OR:3.54; CI95%:1.27-9.87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pre-KT (OR:3.35; CI95%:1.51-7.46), pyelonephritis (OR:2.45; CI95%:1.24-4.84), polyomavirus nephropathy (OR:4.99; CI95%:1.87-13.3), AAS (OR:4.82; CI95%:1.35-17.2), 24h-proteinuria ≥300mg/24h (OR:5.05; CI95%:2.00-12.7) and serum calcium (Ca) <8.5mg/dL (OR:4.72; CI95%:2.00-11.1). The multivariate model presented an accuracy of 88.1% and the mean variance inflation factor is 1.81. CONCLUSION: Elderly-recipients, ΔT-RRT&KT>10 years, pre-KT DM, and post-KT aggressions until six months (pyelonephritis, polyomavirus nephropathy, ABMR, 24h-proteinuria≥300mg/24h, and Ca<8.5mg/dL) are associated with high predictive power for secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching CKD stage V until the first six months post-KT.

INTRODUÇÃO: Transplante renal (TR) é a terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) de escolha para pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Entretanto, nem todo TR é bem-sucedido e alguns pacientes persistem em TRS. OBJETIVO: Modelar uma regressão logística com covariáveis de risco pré e pós-TR preditora da disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR. MÉTODOS: Coorte com receptores transplantados realizado em hospital no Nordeste brasileiro. Analisou-se registros médicos dos TR realizados entre 2011-2018. Receptores com dados insuficientes ou que abandonaram seguimento foram excluídos. Foram analisadas covariáveis: demográficas; infecciosas; comorbidades pré e pós-TR; painel de reatividade; incompatibilidades de HLA; episódios de rejeições agudas mediadas por células-T ou por anticorpos; exames laboratoriais seis meses pós-TR. RESULTADOS: Receptores idosos (OR:1,41; IC95%:1,01-1,99), tempo entre início da TRS e TR (∆T-TRS&TR)>10 anos (OR:3,54; IC95%:1,27-9,87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-TR (OR:3,35; IC95%:1,51-7,46), pielonefrite (OR:2,45; IC95%:1,24-4,84), nefropatia por poliomavírus (OR:4,99; IC95%:1,87-13,3), RAMA (OR:4,82; IC95%:1,35-17,2), proteinúria de 24h (Pt24h) ≥300mg/24h (OR:5,05; IC95%:2,00-12,7) e cálcio sérico (Ca)<8,5mg/dL (OR:4,72; IC95%:2,00-11,1) foram identificadas como covariáveis de maior risco para os desfechos analisados até seis meses pós-TR. O modelo multivariado apresentou acurácia de 88,1% e fator de inflação da variância médio de 1,81. CONCLUSÃO: Receptores idosos, ∆T-TRS&TR>10anos, DM pré-TR e agressões até seis meses pós-TR (pielonefrite, nefropatia por poliomavírus, RAMA, Pt24h≥300mg/24h e Ca<8,5mg/dL), apresentam alto poder preditivo para disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR.

Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy: characterization of cases and possibilities of action in primary healthcare / Cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica: caracterização de casos e possibilidades para ação na atenção primária à saúde / Miocardiopatía chagásica crónica: caracterización de los casos y posibilidades de actuación de la atención primaria de salud

Despite the drastic decrease in the incidence of Chagas disease in Brazil, past cases still greatly impact health services in the country. Thus, this study aimed to characterize Chagas disease cases regarding their cardiac staging and death prognosis and, based on that, to propose primary healthcare (PHC) case follow-ups. This is a cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the medical records of patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). A logistic regression was applied to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). A total of 433 medical records were evaluated. More severe CCC cases were associated with a greater number of hospitalizations (OR = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.59-7.30) and longer hospitalization (OR = 3.15; 95%CI: 1.79-5.53). Cases with a higher risk of death were associated with a higher number of hospitalizations (OR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.09-3.37), longer hospital stays (OR = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.30-3.18), and visits to the outpatient clinic (OR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.39-3.41) and the emergency department of the assessed hospital (OR = 3.12; 95%CI: 1.27-7.66). Analyzing the medical records at two moments, 72.9% of the cases remained in the stages in which they were initially evaluated. Overall, 44.4% of cases were classified as mild to moderate risk of death and 68.3% as low ones. The cases classified in the most severe stages of CCC and with high or intermediate risk of death were associated with greater hospital dependence. However, most cases were classified as milder forms of the disease, with a low risk of death and clinical stability. These findings aim to promote the role of PHC as a protagonist in the longitudinal follow-up of CCC cases in Brazil.

Apesar da diminuição importante na incidência da doença de Chagas no Brasil, as infecções ocorridas no passado ainda têm um impacto grande sobre os serviços de saúde no país. Portanto, o estudo buscou caracterizar os casos de doença de Chagas quanto ao estadiamento cardíaco e prognóstico de morte, e com base nisso, propor o seguimento dos casos na atenção primária à saúde (APS). O estudo transversal usou dados secundários dos prontuários de pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC). Foi aplicada a regressão logística para estimar os odds ratios (OR) brutos e ajustados. Foram avaliados 433 prontuários médicos. Casos mais graves de CCC estavam associados com número maior de hospitalizações (OR = 3,41; IC95%: 1,59-7,30) e tempo de internação (OR = 3,15; IC95%: 1,79-5,53). Os casos com risco maior de morte estavam associados com número maior de hospitalizações (OR = 1,92; IC95%: 1,09-3,37), tempo de internação (OR = 2,04; IC95%: 1,30-3,18) e visitas aos ambulatórios (OR = 2,18; IC95%: 1,39-3,41) e serviços de emergência (OR = 3,12; IC95%: 1,27-7,66). Ao analisar os prontuários em dois momentos, 72,9% dos casos permaneceram nos estágios inicialmente avaliados. No total, 44,4% dos casos foram classificados como formas leves a moderadas e 68,3% como risco baixo de morte. Os casos classificados nos estágios mais graves de CCC e com risco de morte alto ou intermediário estavam associados com maior dependência hospitalar. Entretanto, a maioria dos casos foram classificados como formas mais leves da doença, clinicamente estáveis e com baixo risco de morte. Os achados apoiam a promoção do papel da APS como protagonista no seguimento longitudinal dos casos de CCC no Brasil.

A pesar de la drástica disminución de la incidencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en Brasil, los casos infectados en el pasado siguen teniendo un gran impacto en los servicios de salud del país. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los casos de enfermedad de Chagas en lo que se refiere al estadio cardíaco y al pronóstico de muerte y, con base en eso, proponer el seguimiento de los casos por parte de la atención primaria de salud (APS). Se trata de un estudio transversal basado en datos secundarios de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con miocardiopatía chagásica crónica (MCC). Se aplicó la regresión logística para estimar las odds ratio (OR) crudas y ajustadas. Se evaluaron 433 historias clínicas. Los casos de MCC más graves se asociaron a un mayor número de hospitalizaciones (OR = 3,41; IC95%: 1,59-7,30) y días de hospitalización (OR = 3,15; IC95%: 1,79-5,53). Los casos con mayor riesgo de muerte se asociaron a un mayor número de hospitalizaciones (OR = 1,92; IC95%: 1,09-3,37), días de hospitalización (OR = 2,04; IC95%: 1,30-3,18), y las visitas a los ambulatorios (OR = 2,18; IC95%: 1,39-3,41) y al servicio de urgencias (OR = 3,12; IC95%: 1,27-7,66). Analizando las historias clínicas en dos momentos, el 72,9% de los casos permanecieron en los estadios en los que fueron evaluados inicialmente. En general, el 44,4% de los casos fueron clasificados como formas leves o moderadas y el 68,3% como de bajo riesgo de muerte. Los casos clasificados en los estadios más graves de la MCC y con riesgo de muerte alto o intermedio se asociaron a una mayor dependencia hospitalaria. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los casos fueron clasificados como formas más leves de la enfermedad, con bajo riesgo de muerte y clínicamente estables. Estos resultados pretenden promover el papel de la APS como protagonista en el seguimiento longitudinal de los casos de MCC en Brasil.

Psychological Factors in Temporomandibular Disorders Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of anxiety, stress, and orofacial pain in individuals with and without TMD. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were divided into two groups (n=10, each) experimental group (EG) TMD patients and control group (CG), without TMD. The presence of TMD was confirmed using the RDC/TMD. The Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Oral Analog Scale were used for assessment. The Beck Anxiety Scale is composed of 21 multiple-choice questions describing symptoms of anxiety, while the PSS is a measure that evaluates life situations as stressful. An Oral Analogue Scale was applied to each individual to quantify orofacial pain, with 0 (zero) without pain and 10 (ten) being the worst pain ever felt. The comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression was used to verify TMD dependence in relation to BAI and PSS-10. Quantitative variables were correlated with each other by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The level of significance considered for all tests was 5%. Results: The association was statistically significant (p≤0.05) for BAI and PSS with a TMD. Conclusion: Although the COVID 19 pandemic has had a psychological impact on the general population, patients with TMD have higher levels of anxiety and stress than the control group.

Estimación de riesgo cardiovascular por mediciones corporales como punto a favor de la atención primaria / Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk Based on Body Measu8rements: A Score Ahead in Primary Care

Introducción: El riesgo cardiovascular es considerado actualmente como uno de los más peligrosos desencadenantes de enfermedades crónicas, ya que es el causante de miles de muertes a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Generar un modelo de regresión logística para una aplicación de escritorio que estime el riesgo cardiovascular por medidas antropométricas y diferentes fórmulas, y así identificar la prevalencia del riesgo cardiovascular en la población objeto de estudio. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 169 trabajadores de una institución universitaria del suroccidente colombiano, a los cuales se les tomaron medidas antropométricas de peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura aplicando el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional de Avances para la Cineantropometría. Además, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada para recolectar datos sociodemográficos. Los datos se analizaron con un paquete estadístico minitab con una descripción univariada para variables cualitativas como frecuencias absolutas y relativas; media y desviación estándar para las cuantitativas. La aplicación de escritorio resultado se realizó con la plataforma JAVA. Resultados: En una población de 93 mujeres y 76 hombres se halló un modelo de regresión logística con las variables cuantitativas predictoras peso y circunferencia de cintura con relación significativa a la variable respuesta riesgo cardiovascular, al igual que la variable cualitativa género. Aplicando el modelo se halló prevalencia de riesgo cardiovascular de 53,85 por ciento en la población laboralmente activa de la institución universitaria. Conclusiones: El riesgo cardiovascular es un fenómeno que cada vez gana más fuerza, y la toma de peso y circunferencia de cintura generan una determinación de este riesgo, hecho que facilitará la prevención y el control de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la atención primaria(AU)

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk is currently considered one of the most dangerous triggers of chronic diseases, as it is the cause of thousands of deaths worldwide. Objective: To create a logistic regression model for a desktop application that estimates cardiovascular risk using anthropometric measures and different formulas, and thus identify the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in the study population. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with 169 workers from a university in southwestern Colombia, to whom anthropometric measurements such as weight, height and waist circumference were taken, applying the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. In addition, a structured survey was applied to collect sociodemographic data. The data were analyzed with a Minitab statistical package, using univariate description for qualitative variables as absolute and relative frequencies, as well as mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. The resulting desktop application was made with the JAVA platform. Results: In a population of 93 women and 76 men, a logistic regression model was found, using the quantitative predictor variables of weight and waist circumference, significantly related to the cardiovascular risk response variable, as well as the qualitative variable of gender. Applying the model, prevalence of cardiovascular risk was found to be 53.85 percent in the working population of the university institution. Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk is a phenomenon that is gaining more and more strength, while measuring weight and waist circumference is a way for determining such risk, a fact that will facilitate the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the primary care level(AU)

Análise descritiva das extubações realizadas em um serviço de emergência / Descriptive analysis of extubations performed in an Emergency Service

Introdução: A extubação no serviço de emergência não é realizada com frequência, mas pode ser segura em pacientes selecionados sendo que sua falha e subsequente reintubação é associada com aumento do tempo de ventilação mecânica e mortalidade. Objetivo: Estabelecer as variáveis preditivas de insucesso da extubação na sala de emergência para a identificação dos pacientes potencialmente elegíveis para o procedimento com maior assertividade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo através da análise de prontuário de pacientes que foram extubados no serviço de emergência do Hospital de Base de São José de Rio Preto/SP no período de julho de 2018 a julho de 2021. Dados clínicos e demográficos foram coletados, como idade, sexo, causa da intubação e doenças associadas. Os demais dados analisados após a extubação do paciente foram necessidade de reintubação, tempo de internação hospitalar, necessidade de terapia intensiva, alta hospitalar e óbito. Resultados: Os preditores de reintubação orotraqueal avaliados foram idade, sexo masculino, duração da intubação, doenças cardíacas, pulmonares, gastrointestinais e infecciosas, traumatismo cranioencefálico, ventilação não invasiva pós-extubação e estridor. Os preditores com maior Odds Ratio foram estridor, doenças infecciosas e ventilação não invasiva pós-extubação, com aumento da chance de reintubação comparado aos outros pacientes. Conclusão: A análise conjunta das variáveis clínicas mais a identificação dos fatores de insucesso apresentados estimulam a equipe assistencial a buscar a extubação de pacientes selecionáveis dentro da sala de emergência com maior assertividade

Introduction: Extubation in the emergency department is not performed frequently, but it can be safe in selected patients, and its failure and subsequent reintubation is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Objective: To establish predictive variables of extubation failure in the emergency room to identify patients potentially eligible for the procedure with greater assertiveness. Methods: Retrospective study by analyzing the medical records of patients who were extubated in the emergency department of the Hospital de Base de São José de Rio Preto/SP from July 2018 to July 2021. Clinical and demographic data were collected, such as age, sex, cause of intubation and associated diseases. The other data analyzed after extubation of the patient were need for reintubation, length of hospital stay, need for intensive care, hospital discharge and death. Results: The predictors of orotracheal reintubation evaluated were age, male gender, duration of intubation, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and infectious diseases, traumatic brain injury, non-invasive post-extubation ventilation and stridor. The predictors with the highest Odds Ratio were stridor, infectious diseases and post-extubation noninvasive ventilation, with an increased chance of reintubation compared to other patients. Conclusion: The joint analysis of clinical variables plus the identification of failure factors presented encourage the care team to seek the extubation of selectable patients within the emergency room with greater assertiveness.

Funcionalidade familiar e associações com medidas sociodemográficas e psicológicas em idosos da comunidade / Funcionalidad familiar y asociaciones con medidas sociodemográficas y psicológicas en personas mayores de la comunidad / Family Functionality and associations with sociodemographic and psychological measures in elderly people in the community

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar associações entre funcionalidade familiar com medidas sociodemográficas e psicológicas em idosos da comunidade. Na pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e transversal, foram investigados 58 idosos (M= 69,33 anos; DP=±6,86), residentes em Brasília-DF, Brasil. Foram avaliadas medidas sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade, estado civil e classificação socioeconômica), de funcionalidade familiar (APGAR), qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-OLD), desenvolvimento pessoal (EDEP), ansiedade (BAI) e depressão (EDI). Foram analisados os dados descritivos, realizado Kruskal-wallis para a comparação entre os grupos e proposto um modelo de regressão logística múltipla (Forward Stepwise de Wald). O nível de significância das análises foi de p ≤0,05. Os resultados indicaram que o grupo de idosos com elevada disfuncionalidade familiar apresentou menor qualidade de vida geral em autonomia, atividades passadas, presentes e futuras, participação social, intimidade e maior presença de sintomas depressivos e ansiedade. O modelo de regressão logística múltipla indicou que apenas o domínio Atividades Passadas, Presentes e Futuras (p=0,001) manteve-se significativamente associado ao APGAR. Concluindo-se que o investimento nas relações familiares constitui um elemento importante para a qualidade de vida e saúde mental na velhice.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la asociación entre la funcionalidad familiar y las medidas sociodemográficas y psicológicas en personas mayores de la comunidad. En la investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, se investigaron 58 ancianos (M = 69,33 años; DT = ± 6,86), residentes en Brasília-DF, Brasil. Se evaluaron medidas sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, educación, estado civil y clasificación socioeconómica), funcionamiento familiar (APGAR), calidad de vida (WHOQOL-OLD), desarrollo personal (EDEP), ansiedad (BAI) y depresión (EDI). Se analizaron datos descriptivos, se realizó Kruskal-wallis para la comparación entre grupos y se propuso un modelo de regresión logística múltiple (Forward Stepwise de Wald). El nivel de significación de los análisis fue p ≤0,05. Los resultados indicaron que el grupo de personas mayores con alta disfuncionalidad familiar tenía una calidad de vida general más baja en autonomía, actividades pasadas, presentes y futuras, participación social, intimidad y mayor presencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad.. El modelo de regresión logística múltiple indicó que solo el dominio de Actividades Pasadas, Presentes y Futuras (p=0,001) permaneció asociado significativamente con APGAR. En conclusión, la inversión en las relaciones familiares es un elemento importante para la calidad de vida y la salud mental en la vejez. Palabras claves: ancianos, familia, calidad de vida, ansiedad, depresión

This study aimed to verify associations between family functionality and sociodemographic and psychological measures among the elderly in the community. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research included 58 older adults (M = 69.33 years; SD = ± 6.86) living in Brasília-DF. Sociodemographic measures, family functioning, quality of life, personal development, anxiety and depression were evaluated. Descriptive data were analysed, Kruskal-Wallis was performed for comparison between groups, and a multiple logistic regression model (Forward Stepwise de Wald) was proposed. The results indicated that elderly with high family dysfunctionality had a lower overall quality of life in some domains. The multiple logistic regression model indicated that only the Past, Present and Future Activities domain remained significantly associated with APGAR. In conclusion, investment in family relationships is an essential element for the quality of life and mental health in old age.

Participación laboral en espondiloartritis axial radiográfica y no radiográfica / Labor participation in radiographic and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis

Introducción: las limitaciones laborales son un punto importante a considerar en el tratamiento de la espondiloartritis axial (EspAax) dado que esta enfermedad afecta a las personas en la etapa más productiva de la vida. Objetivos: describir la situación laboral en pacientes con EspAax de Argentina, incluyendo la espondilitis anquilosante (EA) y la espondiloartritis axial no radiográfica (EspAax-nr), y evaluar los factores asociados a la pérdida de productividad laboral (PPL) en esta cohorte nacional y los factores asociados a estar empleado. Materiales y métodos: en este estudio transversal y multicéntrico se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de EA y EspAax-nr según los criterios de clasificación de la Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS 2009) y en edad laboral (≤65 años). Los objetivos principales fueron evaluar la situación laboral, el ausentismo y el presentismo, valorados por el cuestionario Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Spondyloarthritis (WPAI-SpA). Se utilizó el coeficiente de Spearman para evaluar la correlación entre las medidas de la enfermedad y la PPL. Se realizó un análisis bivariado y multivariado para evaluar los factores asociados a estar empleado. Resultados: se incluyeron 129 pacientes con EspAax, 95 (73,6 %) con EA y 34 (26,4%) con EspAax-nr. La mediana (p25-75) de edad fue de 45 (35-55) años. La duración mediana de la enfermedad fue de 62 (24-123) meses y el retraso en el diagnóstico fue de 24 (6-72) meses. Sesenta (46,5%) pacientes estaban empleados. La mediana (p25-75) de presentismo de los pacientes con EA fue del 29,6% (0-57) y del 30% (20-40) para los pacientes con EspAax-nr (p=0,02). Asimismo, la mediana (p25-75) de PPL fue del 30% en ambos grupos de pacientes. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la PPL y las siguientes variables: ASDAS (Rho:0.60), BASDAI (Rho:0.50), BASFI (Rho:0.60), ASQoL (Rho:0.60) y ASAS health index (Rho:0.54). En el análisis bivariado, los factores asociados al desempleo fueron el diagnóstico de EA, la edad avanzada, la mayor duración de la enfermedad, las comorbilidades (hipertensión y diabetes), el menor número de años de educación, la peor calidad de vida y la menor capacidad funcional. En el análisis multivariado, una mejor función física (evaluada por BASFI) se asoció de forma independiente a estar empleado. Conclusiones: este estudio demostró que la PPL en esta cohorte nacional fue del 30% en la EspAax. Se asoció con la actividad de la enfermedad, el estado de salud, la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional. Una mejor función física se relacionó en forma independiente con una mayor probabilidad de mantener a los pacientes con EspAax empleados.

Introduction: work disability is an important outcome in the treatment of spondyloarthritis (SpA) since this disease affects people in the most productive stage of life. Objectives: to investigate working status in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) from Argentina, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial SpA (nr-axSpA), and to evaluate factors associated with work productivity loss (WPL) in this national cohort and factors associated with being employed. Materials and methods: patients with a diagnosis of AS and nr-axSpA according to Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS 2009) classification criteria and in working age (≤65 years) were included in this multicentric cross-sectional study. Outcomes of interest were employment status, absenteeism and presenteeism, assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Spondyloarthritis (WPAI-SpA) questionnaire. Spearman's coefficient was used to assess the correlation between disease measures and WPL. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed in order to evaluate factors associated with being employed. Results: 129 patients with axSpA were included, 95 (73.6%) with AS and 34 (26.4%) with nr-axSpA. Median (p25-75) age of 45 (35-55) years. Median (p25-75) disease duration was 62 (24-123) months and diagnosis delay was 24 (6-72) months. 60 (46.5%) of the patients were employed. Median (p25-75) presenteeism of AS patients was 29.6% (0-57) and 30% (20-40) for patients with EspAax-nr (p=0.02). Median (p25-75) WPL was 30% in both groups of patients. A positive correlation was found between WPL and the following variables: ASDAS (Rho:0.60), BASDAI (Rho:0.50), BASFI (Rho:0.60), ASQoL (Rho:0.60) and ASAS health index (Rho:0.54). In the bivariate analysis, the factors associated with unemployment were AS diagnosis, older age, longer disease duration, comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes), fewer years of education, worse quality of life and lower functional capacity. In the multivariate analysis, better physical function (assessed by BASFI) was independently associated with being employed. Conclusions: this study showed that WPL in this national cohort was 30% in axSpA. It was associated with disease activity, health status, quality of life and functional capacity. Better physical function was independently associated with a higher likelihood of keeping patients with axSpA employed.

Apoyo social y uso de espacios de vida en la persona mayor en el contexto rural / Social Support and the Use of Life Spaces by Older Adults in the Rural Context

Introducción: El uso de espacios de vida cobra interés investigativo sobre el envejecimiento, por ser una medida de movilidad y participación social, pues refleja factores físicos, psicosociales y ambientales necesarios para el funcionamiento independiente. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados con el apoyo social y uso de los espacios de vida en el contexto rural. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con 193 adultos mayores de 60 años, del municipio de Samaniego, departamento de Nariño. Se describió el comportamiento del uso del espacio de vida y su relación con variables demográficas, cognitivas, emocionales y psicosociales mediante modelos de regresión lineal y logística. Resultados: La escala LSA presentó una media de 21,68 (DE = 18,6), se observó correlación con la variable edad (Rho = -0,15, p = 0,042) y género (d = -0,05; IC 95 por ciento -0,35 a 0,23). Hubo relación directamente proporcional pero baja con el Test Minimental (Rho = 0,04, p = 0,580) y Yesavage (Rho = -0,13, p = 0,064). Con la escala apoyo social, hubo correlaciones bajas en apoyo emocional (Rho = 0,19, p = 0,009), instrumental (Rho = 0,13, p = 0,062), interacción social positiva (Rho = 0,23, p = 0,001) y apoyo afectivo (Rho = 0,16, p = 0,027). Conclusión: Las características psicosociales y demográficas influyeron en la utilización que el adulto mayor rural hace de su espacio vital(AU)

Introduction: The use of life spaces is gaining research interest regarding aging, as it is a measure of mobility and social participation, insofar it reflects physical, psychosocial and environmental factors necessary for independent functioning. Objective: To identify the factors associated with social support and the use of life spaces in the rural context. Methods: Descriptive study carried out with 193 adults aged over 60 years, from the Samaniego Municipality, Nariño Department. The behavior of the use of life spaces and its relationship with demographic, cognitive, emotional and psychosocial variables were described using linear and logistic regression models. Results: The LSA scale presented a mean of 21.68 (SD=18.6). A correlation was observed with the variable age (Rho=-0.15, P=0.042) and gender (d=-0.05; CI 95 percent: -0.35 to 0.23). There was a directly proportional but low relationship with the Minimental test (Rho=0.04, P=0.580) and Yesavage (Rho=-0.13, P=0.064). With the social support scale, there were low correlations in emotional support (Rho=0.19, P=0.009), instrumental support (Rho=0.13, P=0.062), positive social interaction (Rho=0.23, P=0.001), and affective support (Rho=0.16, P=0.027). Conclusion: The psychosocial and demographic characteristics influenced on how rural older adults make use of their life spaces(AU)

Una experiencia ecuatoriana en la determinación del comportamiento clínico del síndrome de fragilidad en el adulto mayor con ancylostomiasis / An Ecuadorian experience in determining the clinical behavior of frailty syndrome in the elderly with ancylostomiasis

En adultos mayores, la ancylostomiasis tiene manifestaciones básicas como pérdida del apetito y masa muscular, evacuación excesiva, debilidad y otras que hacen propenso al adulto mayor a un estado de fragilidad, un tipo de síndrome de fallo multiorgánico crónico, donde interviene la disfunción de diversos sistemas. Este agravante fundamenta el objetivo de la presente investigación, centrado en identificar el comportamiento de los criterios clínicos, funcionales, mentales y sociodemográficos en la evaluación geriátrica del síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores parasitados por Ancylostoma spp. en el cantón Santiago de Píllaro. La muestra resultó integrada por un total de 102 adultos mayores a 65 años. Mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas y la aplicación de una encuesta a los participantes, se evaluó el comportamiento de los criterios sociodemográficos, médicos, funcionales, mentales y de comorbilidad asociada. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados estadísticamente mediante análisis bivariado y regresión logística múltiple. Los factores estadísticamente asociados a la fragilidad fueron el sexo femenino (p= 0,003, IC 95% ,LI= 1,564 y LS= 8,950), los bajos ingresos económicos (p= 0,011, IC 95%: LI= 1,786 y LS= 7,433), la polifarmacia (p= 0,006, IC 95%: LI= 2,452 y LS= 14,415) ), las evacuaciones frecuentes (p=0,009, con IC95%: LI=2,704 y LS=7,536) y las afecciones bucodentales (p= 0,004, IC 95%: LI= 1,895 y LS= 6,572), por lo que se justifica la elaboración de estrategias y acciones de salud que minimicen los efectos del estado de fragilidad en la población estudiada(AU)

In older adults, ancylostomiasis has basic manifestations such as loss of appetite and muscle mass, excessive evacuation, weakness and others that make the older adult prone to a state of fragility, a type of chronic multi-organ failure syndrome, where dysfunction of various systems. This aggravating factor supports the objective of the present investigation, focused on identifying the behavior of the clinical, functional, mental and sociodemographic criteria in the geriatric evaluation of frailty syndrome in elderly adults parasitized by Ancylostoma spp. in the canton Santiago de Pillaro. The sample was made up of a total of 102 adults over 65 years of age. By reviewing the medical records and applying a survey to the participants, the behavior of the sociodemographic, medical, functional, mental and associated comorbidity criteria was evaluated. The data obtained were statistically processed using bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression. The factors statistically associated with frailty were female sex (p = 0.003, 95% CI, LI = 1.564 and LS = 8.950), low income (p = 0.011, 95% CI: LI = 1.786 and LS = 7.433) , polypharmacy (p = 0.006, 95% CI: IL = 2.452 and LS = 14.415)), frequent bowel movements (p = 0.009, with 95% CI: IL = 2.704 and LS = 7.536) and oral disorders (p = 0.004 , 95% CI: LI = 1.895 and LS = 6.572), which is why the development of health strategies and actions that minimize the effects of the state of frailty in the population studied is justified(AU)

Hipertensión arterial, abordaje desde una perspectiva de género, ciudad de Córdoba, 2019 / Hypertension, approach from a gender perspective, Cordoba city, 2019

Introducción: Determinantes sociales y de género, así como las características del barrio de residencia se vinculan con la hipertensión arterial (HTA). Objetivo: Examinar asociaciones de HTA por género en una población socio-segregada de la ciudad de Córdoba, año 2019. Método: Estudio epidemiológico observacional, cuantitativo, de corte transversal. Muestra aleatoria (n = 380) adultos usuarios de un hospital público. Se realizaron mediciones objetivas de tensión arterial y una entrevista sobre características sociodemográficas e indicadores de género. Se realizaron análisis, bivariado y multivariado: modelos regresión logística simple y múltiple; estratificados por género. Resultados: Identificamos determinantes sociales cómo el género asociadas con la HTA; así las mujeres quienes dedicaron mayor tiempo al trabajo no remunerado tuvieron mayores probabilidades de presentar HTA (OR 1,01; IC 95% 1,00- 1,02). Aunque en nuestro estudio la HTA fue mayor en hombres (53,43% vs 36,51% en mujeres); la presentación de HTA en mujeres se asoció a roles de género. La HTA en este espacio segregado fue superior a la prevalencia nacional. Conclusión: HTA varía según el nivel socioeconómico, género, nivel de privación social del barrio (AU)

Introduction: Social and gender determinants, as well as the characteristics of the neighborhood of residence are linked to hypertension (HT). Objective: To examine associations of HT by gender in a socio-segregated population of the city of Córdoba, year 2019. Method:Cross-sectional, quantitative, observational epidemiological study. Random sample (n = 380) adult users of a public hospital. Objective measurements of blood pressure and an interview on sociodemographic characteristics and gender indicators were carried out. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed: simple and multiple logistic regression models; stratified by gender. Results: We identified social determinants such as gender associated with hypertension, women who dedicated more time to unpaid work were more likely to present hypertension (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02). Although in our study, HT was higher in men (53.43% vs 36.51% in women); unlike men, the presentation of HT in women was associated with gender roles. HT in this segregated socio-space was higher than the national prevalence. Conclusion: HT varies according to the socioeconomic level, gender, level of social deprivation of the neighborhood (AU)